A seleção de atletas de elite desde cedo: reflexão a partir da perspectiva de sistemas complexos

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Juan Manuel García Manso
Teresa Valverde Esteve
Lázaro de la Paz Arencibia
María José Martínez Patiño

Resumo

Introdução: Neste estudo, examinou-se a adequação da seleção de atletas de elite desde tenra idade.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o comportamento identificado em pesquisas anteriores também ocorre entre os melhores atletas do mundo de todos os tempos que competem na prova de 100 metros.
Materiais e métodos: Para isso, e com base na análise das classificações oficiais de todos os tempos para homens e mulheres da Associação Internacional de Federações de Atletismo na prova supracitada, foram utilizadas amostras em categoria absoluta (Top-1.000 até 31/12 /2018) e sub-20 (Top-100 até 31/12/2003); Leis de potência e outras estratégias típicas de sistemas complexos foram aplicadas para analisar os dados.
Resultados: Os resultados mostram como, muitas vezes, os melhores corredores masculinos e femininos do mundo na categoria sub-20 não evoluem positivamente durante o resto de sua carreira esportiva, melhorando seus registros nas categorias superiores. Apenas 51 homens dos 100 melhores corredores sub-20 de todos os tempos conseguiram melhorar seus tempos quando chegaram à categoria sênior, e as melhorias nem sempre mostraram progressões estatisticamente significativas. Consequentemente, um investimento excessivo em recursos humanos e materiais para identificar indivíduos com altas habilidades atléticas nem sempre é a melhor estratégia.
Conclusões: o esporte de nível em idade precoce pode ser um erro metodológico que deve ser evitado na construção das reservas esportivas de um país ou federação esportiva.

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Como Citar
García Manso, J. M., Valverde Esteve, T., de la Paz Arencibia, L., & Martínez Patiño, M. J. (2022). A seleção de atletas de elite desde cedo: reflexão a partir da perspectiva de sistemas complexos. PODIUM - Revista De Ciência E Tecnologia Em Cultura Física, 17(3), 1225–1242. Obtido de https://podium.upr.edu.cu/index.php/podium/article/view/1045
Secção
ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES
Biografias Autor

Juan Manuel García Manso, Departamento de Educación de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (España)

Doctor en Ciencias de la Cultura Física

Teresa Valverde Esteve, Universidad de Valencia (España)

Doctor en Ciencias de la Cultura Física

Lázaro de la Paz Arencibia, UCCFD Manuel Fajardo

UCCFD Manuel Fajardo

María José Martínez Patiño, Universidad de Vigo (España)

Doctor en Ciencias de la Cultura Física

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