Prevention of rotator cuff overuse injuries in youth swimmers
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Abstract
This article aims to characterize the current state of the rotator cuff overuse injury prevention process in a sample of high-performance youth swimmers, as an initial phase for the design of a specific methodology. Methodology: A descriptive study with a mixed approach was conducted on an intentional sample of 10 athletes (15-17 years old) and 10 coaches from the "Pedro Téllez Valdés" Provincial Swimming Academy in Pinar del Río. Theoretical (document analysis), empirical (observation, semi-structured interview, survey), and measurement methods (palpation, Neer Test, ultrasound, Y Balance Test, Specific Resistance Test, and VAS for pain) were used. Results: The diagnosis revealed that 80% of the athletes experienced shoulder pain during the physical examination. Differential diagnostic tests (Neer Test and ultrasound) confirmed alterations such as tendinitis and myositis in 80% of the sample. The institutional prevention plan was found to be descriptive, lacking systematic risk factor identification, with insufficient application of active recovery methods like cryotherapy and sports massage. Conclusions: A high prevalence of lesional symptoms and significant deficiencies in the prevention process were confirmed, evidencing the need to develop and implement a comprehensive methodology that integrates periodic screening, specific strengthening, and advanced recovery strategies to mitigate the risk of overuse injuries in this population.
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