Resistência à velocidade: essencial para o desempenho de árbitras de futebol.
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Resumo
A arbitragem no futebol feminino exige capacidades físicas específicas que devem ser alcançadas por meio de programas de treinamento especializados. Esta pesquisa concentra-se na caracterização aprofundada da preparação física de árbitras de futebol em Pinar del Río. Foi utilizado um delineamento de métodos mistos, aplicando métodos teóricos (análise-síntese, indutivo-dedutivo, abordagem sistêmica) para estruturar o arcabouço conceitual e processar os dados, complementados por métodos empíricos: mensuração com testes padronizados (teste Yo-Yo IR1, RSA, lactato) para avaliar a resistência à velocidade e a recuperação metabólica, escalas Likert para percepção de fadiga e autoeficácia, e entrevistas semiestruturadas que exploraram experiências e barreiras contextuais. Os resultados revelaram que nenhuma árbitra atingiu os padrões da FIFA no teste Yo-Yo IR1 (média: 63,2%), com lactato pós-exercício ≥4 mmol/L e 70% de erros de decisão nas fases finais, destacando a necessidade urgente de programas que incorporem treinamento HIIT, força funcional e tecnologia acessível (GPS de baixo custo) adaptados às suas necessidades fisiológicas e estruturais.
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Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0.
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